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Thursday, May 7, 2020

Constructing Thornlea: A Visit to Muchalls Castle

Muchalls Castle front view
In yesterday’s post I described my efforts to set Jonathan Carleton’s Virginia estate in a specific area of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Today I’m going to describe what the exterior of the manor house looks like. The intention of Carleton’s uncle and adoptive father, Sir Harrison Carleton, was to build a structure that visually evoked the Highland seat of their Scottish clan. L-plan castles were common from the 13th to the 17th century in the British Isles and across Europe, favored because they offer strategic vantages on the adjacent walls from which defenders can blanket the fortress’s entrance with deadly crossfire in case of attack. So it seemed a logical option for an 18th-century reconstruction of Clan Carleton’s manor house in Virginia.

After searching the internet for images of Scottish castles, I fortuitously came across one that closely resembles what I have in mind: Muchalls Castle which overlooks the North Sea in the countryside of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Unfortunately I wasn’t able to find many interior shots, so we’ll have to focus mainly on the exterior. But good enough. Let’s take a tour!

Rear view showing back of west extension
This castle’s lower level is the original 14th-century Romanesque, double-groined tower house built by the Frasers of Muchalls. A barrel-vaulted passage gives access to a reception chamber where the laird would meet with business visitors, storerooms, a guard room, and a dungeon. This level also houses the medieval groin-vaulted kitchen with its original flagstone floor and huge walk-in fireplace. Its interior wall is much thicker than those in the rest of the castle to support the upper levels, which it’s speculated might once have included a defensive tower. The wall also encloses a concealed spiral staircase that servants would have used to carry food up to the dining room above.

View of bartizans
The Frasers sold the property to the Hays in 1415, but by 1619 it had passed to the Burnetts of Leys. The 17th-century castle was begun by Alexander Burnett and completed by his son, Sir Thomas Burnett, in 1627. The second floor (first floor in Britain) was built over the original structure. On the corners of the castle’s upper levels Burnett added round turrets supported by corbels, two of which are shown at left. Called bartizans, they form circular nooks with small lookout windows inside many of the bedrooms.

Rear of side wing with additions
The castle’s original defensive features include numerous arrow slits in its exterior walls. Burnett also added a subterranean crypt, massive chimneys on the building’s crow-stepped gable ends, an entrance courtyard with crenellated walls and two sets of triple gunloops flanking the arched gates, and high stone-walled terraced gardens. Subsequent owners expanded the structure to the present day four-story castle with a wing extending from the west end, visible in the photo above and the one at right showing the rear of the side wing. Thornlea lacks those additions, so you’ll have to imagine it with a flat exterior wall along the side wing and the end of the main wing.

Great Hall plasterwork over-mantel and ceiling
The second level includes most of the main reception rooms, including the great hall, a drawing room and a study. The ceilings of these rooms are totally covered in original 17th-century plasterwork featuring coats of arms and biblical and other historical figures. Dating to 1624 and in practically perfect condition, they’re considered among the finest examples of plasterwork in Scotland. The great hall fireplace has an original plaster over-mantel with Egyptian-style caryatid figures and King James’ Arms. It’s so large that one can walk erect inside it, and a bench is built in where several people can hold a meeting. It also contains a hidden feature called the Laird’s Lug, a secret listening system that allowed the laird to overhear conversations in the great hall from his suite directly above! Let the intriguer beware!

The third level consists of a number of bedrooms including the Laird’s Bedroom, the Priest’s Bedroom; the Queen’s Bedroom, in case she were to visit; and even the Queen’s Winter Bedroom. Each of the bedrooms has a fireplace and what would have been dressing rooms in the 17th century, now converted to bathrooms.

The exterior differences are minor. Faced with Virginia limestone, Thornlea appears grey rather than brown, and, of course, doesn’t have a rear addition. But otherwise, Muchalls Castle is a very good stand-in for the manor. Tomorrow I’m going to post an excerpt from the beginning of Chapter Two that will hopefully help you to visualize the estate and manor more vividly. Be sure to join me to take a look!

Images of Muchalls Castle are from Wikipedia and Alchetron and are in the public domain.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Road to Thornlea

In Public Domain
Catskill Clove by Asher Brown Durand, 1864
When you write novels you’re going to need names. Lots of them. For novels based on real historical events like The American Patriot Series, some of your characters and settings might be historical figures and places, which happily eliminates the need to name them. But that leaves your fictional characters and the settings they inhabit, all of which you want to be memorable, including their names. And choosing the lot of them can be hair-rippingly frustrating, especially if you’re obsessive like I am!

Thankfully some do come easily, like Elizabeth Howard. But other names require considerable pondering, research, making lists, combining and recombining different first and last names if they’re people, and striking out options until the character or place steps forward and reveals itself to you. Like Jonathan Carleton, for instance. Just like his character in the series, he was stubbornly, exasperatingly enigmatic, and I had to wait, tapping my foot impatiently, for him to finally emerge from the mists. And then he rather exploded onto the page, the rascal!

But occasionally a character or place is already there, fully named, when you arrive, as though they were given, as though they existed in the dim recesses of time long before they stepped to the fore. Charles Andrews and James Stowe were two of those characters. And the name of Carleton’s Virginia estate, Thornlea, was also one simply “given.” In the chapter in Daughter of Liberty where Elizabeth and Carleton first meet, Andrews refers to the estate and gives a brief description.

“Oh, it’s just a modest plot of land—twenty thousand acres or so running up into the Blue Ridge. Most of it is heavily forested, but enough is cleared to pasture about three hundred head of cattle and a hundred horses. I swear, the main house rivals the great manors of England, and the countryside around it is second to none for beauty.”

All of that simply spilled out onto the page without any forethought. I had no idea.

Pfly / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5)
Roanoke River Watershed 
Nor, in spite of scattered references to “Thornlea” in the previous books of the series, did I have any idea whatever of exactly where this estate would be set, other than in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, or what it would consist of. I only knew vaguely that at some point the story would go there. Well, Forge of Freedom is the last book in the series, and the hour of reckoning has come! So I’ve had to buckle down and try to bring it to vibrant life.

I discovered early on that I would have to locate an approximate real-world area where the estate is set to figure out its landscape, flora, and fauna. I also had to take into account the events of the British Southern Campaign since Carleton would be involved in opposing those actions and Thornlea would be his base of operation. A detailed topical relief map of Virginia led me to a lovely deep valley carved into the Blue Ridge just south of the Roanoke River, which back then was the Staunton River, and a short distance north of the Poor Mountain State Natural Area Preserve. Above is a map of the Roanoke River watershed to give you an idea of the general location. As you see, it’s strategically located not far from the North Carolina Border. In order to explain the name Thornlea, this became Thorn Valley, named for the hawthorn and black locust trees growing thickly in it (thorn), and for the meadows (lea) where Carleton’s herds of livestock graze. Who knew?! And where in the world did that come from three decades ago when I first started writing Daughter of Liberty with no idea of making it into a series??? A moment of serendipity or something else? Whatever the case, the river that runs through it consequently became the Thorn River.

In Public Domain
Landscape Beyond the Tree
by Asher Brown Durand 
For the sake of visualization, I searched for historical paintings of similar mountain landscapes to stand in for Thorn Valley. For now, several of Asher Brown Durand’s 19th century landscapes of the Catskills on the northern end of the Appalachian chain fit the bill pretty well. Shown at the top of the post is a view that looks much the way I envision the overlook at the valley's entrance. The one to the right portrays what might be a vista of the valley floor on the road leading toward the estate.

Now to figure out what the manor house and surrounding establishment look like. Which means drawing a map of the estate, finding exterior photos of historical Scottish mansions or castles that look like what I’m imagining, and then drawing floor plans of the house. So far I’ve come up with a rough map of the estate, which could stand to be cleaned up but is good enough for me to keep the characters’ movements consistent. However, the house will have 4 stories, which means the floor plan is going to take a bit of work to figure out so I can have my characters move around in it without pesky continuity errors cropping up.

In tomorrow’s post, I’m going to share photos of Thornlea’s double and the first, currently somewhat rough, descriptions woven into Chapter Two of Forge of Freedom. Please let me know your thoughts about all this, and be sure to join me back here tomorrow to take a closer look!

Images are from Wikipedia and are in the public domain.

Sunday, June 2, 2019

Print and Ebook Editions Now on Sale!


Refiner’s Fire is now available in print and ebook editions at the following retailers. It’s only $1.99 on Kindle and Nook through the month of June before going to our standard ebook price of $2.99. Daughter of Liberty and Native Son will continue at $.99 until June 15, so if you haven’t caught up with the series yet, now’s the time to dive in with books 1 and 2!

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Refiner's Fire Editions Available for Preorder

Refiner’s Fire Kindle Edition is now available for preorder on Kindle, releasing May 31 and on sale for only $1.99 until July 1, when it goes to the regular price of $2.99. The print edition will be stocked and available for purchase by the same date at $12.00. 

The Nook edition is also on sale for only $1.99 during that period. 

For those who are eager to get their hands on the print edition, Christianbook.com is already shipping, and they’ll release both Kindle and Nook editions on May 31. 

I think you’re going to enjoy the very happy turn Elizabeth and Jonathan’s story takes in this installment!

Wednesday, May 8, 2019

Sale on Daughter of Liberty and Native Son!

A beautiful and daring patriot spy determined to gain the intelligence the Sons of Liberty desperately need. A handsome, dangerously charming British officer with secrets of his own and a mission to learn her true loyalties. A passion that could lead them both to the gallows. Set amid the tumult of the American Revolution, the American Patriot Series will leave you breathless …


In celebration of Refiner's Fire release, both Daughter of Liberty and Native Son are on sale for only $.99 on Kindle, Nook, and Christianbook.com through mid June, and the rest of the volumes are only $2.99. Now is the perfect time to get caught up with this series if you haven’t read it yet!

Here are several terrific endorsements for Refiner's Fire!

“Refiner's Fire is not simply a story but an experience. Within its pages are all the upheaval, suspense, heartache, and romance that make the American Patriot Series unforgettable. The author’s breadth and scope of our founding history is truly remarkable and each finely tuned character seems lifted from the actual historical record. Extraordinary!” —Laura Frantz, Christy-award winning author of The Lacemaker

“Painstaking attention to research and detail, vivid setting, peeks into some of the most obscure corners of an otherwise familiar history, all overlaid with a grand, sweeping love story that will break your heart before it takes your breath away . . . this book (and series!) has it all. If you’re a fan of historical fiction and romance and haven’t yet discovered this author, don’t wait another minute to do so!” —Shannon McNear, 2014 RITA® finalist and author of The Cumberland Bride,
#5 of Daughters of the Mayflower

Refiner's Fire is an absolutely thrilling read! J.M. Hochstetler once again takes readers deep into the turbulent days of the American Revolution, bringing to life the battles, the spies, and the intrigue that belong solely to our forefathers and their struggle for our burgeoning country. Hochstetler's rich description, strong and unique characters, and impeccable attention to historical detail leaves readers wonderfully satisfied yet longing for more. Fans of historical fiction will adore this newest installment in the American Patriot Series. —Michelle Shocklee, author of The Widow of Rose Hill

“J. M. Hochstetler’s in-depth research and masterful writing combine for an exceptional novel, filled with history, intrigue, and romance. Refiner’s Fire is an engaging and most satisfying read. As Book 6 in the American Patriot series, Refiner’s Fire can be read as a standalone, yet the preceding novels fill in much detail, making Refiner’s Fire even more enjoyable. It is rare to read a series with the intensity of historical understanding that you will find within the pages of the American Patriot Series. From every vantage point—the Native Americans, to the British, to the Colonial Americans—the complexity of the political and cultural ramifications brings a greater depth of understanding to the bigger picture than you will find in most historical novels. A series well worth mentally devouring.” —Elaine Marie Cooper, author of Love's Kindling